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access network

An access network is the segment of a telecommunications network that connects subscribers or end-user devices to their immediate service provider. It is the part of the network that facilitates the connection of end-users (and their devices, such as computers, smartphones, and tablets) to a wider area network (WAN), like the internet.


Access networks are managed by telecommunications companies and internet service providers (ISPs), who invest in the infrastructure. In some cases, businesses or municipalities may build their own access networks to ensure greater control over network performance and security.


Access networks can be either wired, wireless, or a hybrid of both, and they play a crucial role in modern telecommunications by enabling the rapid transfer of data and providing reliable, cost-effective communication. The evolution of access networks has been significant, transitioning from dial-up connections over telephone lines to more advanced technologies like digital subscriber line (DSL), cable modem, and fiber-optic networks. This evolution reflects the growing demand for faster speeds and more reliable connections.


There are several types of access networks, including:


  1. Ethernet: A widely installed wired LAN technology that uses coaxial cable or twisted pair wires for connectivity.
  2. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): Provides internet access by using telephone lines, allowing simultaneous internet use and phone calls.
  3. FTTH (Fiber to the Home): Utilizes optical fiber to provide high-speed internet access directly to residential homes.
  4. Wi-Fi: Offers wireless access to the internet within a local area network (LAN) through high-frequency radio waves.
  5. 3G and LTE (Long Term Evolution): Cellular technologies that provide internet access through mobile networks.
  6. Hybrid Networks: Combine different technologies, such as fiber optic and coaxial cables, to connect users to the network.
  7. Satellite Internet: Provides internet access through satellites, useful in areas where other forms of connectivity are unavailable.
  8. Power Line Communication (PLC): Uses electrical wiring to provide internet access, serving as a low-cost alternative to traditional networks[5].


For More Information:


  1. https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/access-network
  2. http://www2.ic.uff.br/~michael/kr1999/1-introduction/1_05-physical.htm
  3. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/access-networks/
  4. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/access-networks
  5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_network
  6. https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/access-network
  7. https://forum.huawei.com/enterprise/en/what-is-an-example-of-an-access-network/thread/707692145768546304-667213871523442688
  8. https://www.cbtnuggets.com/blog/technology/networking/the-3-components-of-a-network-explained
  9. https://www.techopedia.com/definition/access-network
  10. https://www.webopedia.com/definitions/access-network/
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